Solkhat/Staryi Krym was the old Tatar capital. Long-distance trains under the name Tavriya operated by the company Grand Servis Ekspress connect Sevastopol and Simferopol daily with Moscow and Saint Petersburg, in the summer season Yevpatoria and Feodosia are also directly connected by them. [90], As of 2014[update], the total population of the Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol was 2,248,400 people (Republic of Crimea: 1,889,485, Sevastopol: 395,000). arable land: 7.3% (2018 est.) In the 15th century, the Khanate became a dependency of the Ottoman Empire. Despite being rich in natural resources and blessed by a favorable geographical location and a mild climate . Rich iron ore reserves located in the vicinity of Kryvyy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron-and-steel industry. Ethnic composition of Crimea's population has changed dramatically since the early 20th century. The Tauri gave the name the Tauric Peninsula which Crimea was called into the early modern period. Picture this, it's sufficient to be stretched around the earth several times. The political system has become increasingly personalised, leading to the question of whether it can survive beyond Putin himself. [42] Lake Syvash (Sva or ) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560km2 (988sqmi). One of the modern Ukrainian drilling rigs stolen by Russia during the annexation of the Crimea. The climate is a big reason why Russian leaders are so adamant about keeping Crimea within their sphere: The Black Sea is home to Russia's only warm-water ports. They were also known as slave traders who raided lands as far north as modern-day Poland. The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov.The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. The natural resources of Ukraine can be divided into three main groups; energy resource, metal ores, and non-metal ores. In annexing Crimea, Russia dealt a severe blow to Ukraine's aspirations to become a fossil energy powerhouse. Beyond the strategic importance of Crimea and Ukraine, the situation in the region is complicated by both the abundance and scarcity of certain natural resources. [1] The peninsula is almost entirely surrounded by the Black Sea and the smaller Sea of Azov. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. Furthermore, Russia has plans to extract and use Ukrainian and Crimean Tatar natural resources from Crimea and the Sea of Azov such as the Azov-Berezansky and Indolo-Kubnasky oil and gas fields. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. A foothold in the country would mean an economic driver, energy security, and a strong and secure strategic position. [48] Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round. [49] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains. [93], According to the 2001 census, 77% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 11.4% Crimean Tatar; and 10.1% Ukrainian. He also created battle paintings during the Crimean War. Over 50 per cent of Ukraine's annual corn and wheat shipments head to Africa or the Middle East. In 2021, India imported coal to meet its domestic coal shortage and with the Russian invasion of Ukraine, that supply chain is going to get impacted. The northern part of Arabat Spit is administratively part of Henichesk Raion in Kherson Oblast, including its two rural communities of Shchaslyvtseve and Strilkove. The southeast coast is flanked at a distance of 812 kilometres (5.07.5mi) from the sea by a parallel range of mountains: the Crimean Mountains. Second, it's about natural resources. [56] The number of tourist arrivals reached a record in 2012 at 6.1million. The longest river of Crimea is the Salhyr at 204km (127mi). By Alexander_Kudrin. Almost every settlement in Crimea is connected with another settlement by bus lines. It comprises the main peninsula and a smaller peninsula known as the Kerch Peninsula. Natural resources are being destroyed. 2.5), Polybius, (Histories 4.39.4), and Ptolemy (Geographia. Ivan Aivazovsky, the 19th-century marine painter of Armenian origin, who is considered one of the major artists of his era was born in Feodosia and lived there for the most part of his life. Page 72. this combines the figures for the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol, listing groups of more than 5,000 individuals. ", "Russia-Ukraine Update: Crimea Attracts More Than 4 Million Tourists Despite Annexation", "What is the Crimea, and why does it matter? The terrain that lies south of the sheltering Crimean Mountain range is of an altogether different character. From west to east are: Heracles Peninsula; Balaklava/Symbalon/Cembalo, a smaller natural harbor south of Sevastopol; Foros, the southernmost point; Alupka with the Vorontsov Palace (Alupka); Gaspra; Yalta; Gurzuf; Alushta. Further southwest is Tyras/Akkerman/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi. Historically, possession of the southern coast of Crimea was sought after by most empires of the greater region since antiquity (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, Russian, British and French, Nazi German, Soviet). The most visited areas are the south shore of Crimea with cities of Yalta and Alushta, the western shore Yevpatoria and Saky, and the south-eastern shore Feodosia and Sudak. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? . Luke Coffey. The primary source of hydrocarbons in Ukraine is natural gas, though the most lucrative gas reserves are located below 5,000 meters. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. The south coast remained Greek in culture for almost two thousand years including under Roman successor states, the Byzantine Empire (3411204 CE), the Empire of Trebizond (12041461 CE), and the independent Principality of Theodoro (ended 1475 CE). Some estimates indicate that up to 20 per cent of the proven world reserves of titanium ores are situated in Ukraine. But the semiarid climate that makes Crimea such a popular tourist destination also makes the peninsula largely dependent on Ukraine for water, as well as about 70 percent of its food, according to Slate. First discovered on grape, it has also been found as a pest of some other crops and has since spread worldwide. For proof that the past is never really gone, you need look no further than Crimea, home to an ancient ethnic group known as the Tatars, who still wield considerable influence. [81][82] In general they prohibit the sale, supply, transfer, or export of goods and technology in several sectors, including services directly related to tourism and infrastructure. There are signs the Black Sea contains a lot of wealth. A series of 18 sonnets constitute an artistic telling of a journey to and through the Crimea, they feature romantic descriptions of the oriental nature and culture of the East which show the despair of an exile longing for the homeland, driven from his home by a violent enemy. Sea of Azov: There is little on the south shore. Seventy-five percent of the remaining area of Crimea consists of semiarid prairie lands, a southward continuation of the PonticCaspian steppe, which slope gently to the northwest from the foothills of the Crimean Mountains. Suggestions argued in various sources include: Other suggestions either unsupported or contradicted by sources, apparently based on similarity in sound, include: The spelling "Crimea" is the Italian form, i.e., la Crimea, since at least the 17th century[17] and the "Crimean peninsula" becomes current during the 18th century, gradually replacing the classical name of Tauric Peninsula in the course of the 19th century. A look at the country's natural resources: Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. Ukraine has become a seedbed of conflict between Russia and the West. [24], From 1853 to 1856, the strategic position of the peninsula in controlling the Black Sea meant that it was the site of the principal engagements of the Crimean War, where Russia lost to a French-led alliance.[25]. Given its long history and many conquerors, most towns in Crimea have several names. Unlike the other southern ports, Feodosia has no mountains to its north. The new illegal Crimean government has entrusted Gazprom to manage the peninsula's energy resources. Ukraine loses half of its natural gas deposits due to occupation of Crimea. Natural gas reserves are estimated at 5.4 trillion cubic metres (tcm), with proven reserves of 1.1 tcm of natural gas, more than 400 million tonnes (Mt) of gas condensate and 850 Mt of oil reserves. Further development plans consist a bypass line between Simferopol and Kerch, and a complete electrification of the network with changing the voltage of the already electrified lines from 3 kV DC to 25 kV 50Hz AC. To illustrate, the US' Boeing has broadened its titanium supply chain since 2014, when Russia was sanctioned for its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine, however, it is still heavily reliant on Russia's VSMPO-AVISMA -- world's largest manufacturer of titanium -- for the supply of the metal. [115] Notwithstanding the annexation, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate) kept control of its eparchies in Crimea.[116]. The resources of the region can ultimately add further steam to the Russian economy, which in 2021 looked to fuel, energy and steel for 65% of its exports. In order to feed the energy-hungry Europe, Russia set up the Nord Stream II gas pipeline to transport natural gas which would be cost-effective, reliable, and sustainable. In May 2015, work began on a multibillion-dollar road-rail link (a pair of parallel bridges) across the Kerch Strait. Lithium chemicals are the main component of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. By the January 1st 2014 there were 1050 thousands jobs in Crimea (Sevastopol included). This includes oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone, sand, air, sunlight, soil, and water. For Russia, the Black Sea is of particular importance for economic and geostrategic reasons. The natural vegetation consists of scrublands, woodlands, and forests, with a climate and vegetation similar to the Mediterranean Basin. The budget deficit was $1.5billion. Russia is opposed to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) in its backyard, a position which is non-negotiable. 1. natural resources - resources (actual and potential) supplied by nature. Catherine the Great's incorporation of the Crimea in 1783 into the Russian Empire increased Russia's power in the Black Sea area. But that began to change in 2014: after a popular uprising in Ukraine ousted the country's Kremlin-friendly president, Russia annexed Crimea . Primarily Muslim, the Tatars of Crimea were instrumental in making the peninsula one of the centers of Islamic culture. Photo: AxeL M, CC BY-SA 4.0. It has a population of 2.4 million. Of course, this figure is less impressive than in 2019 when eight million people visited the region, but it is still quite impressive. Simferopol, Yalta and Alushta also have an urban and suburban trolleybus network. All the strategic positions notwithstanding, to Russia and the West, Ukraine of the future is an untouched, untapped, natural resource hotspot. Inside these zones, countries. The peninsula was originally populated by several groups of steppe nomads and mountainous people. In 2010, Russia negotiated an agreement that allows the country to share the all-important Sevastopol naval base through 2042, in exchange for deep discounts of about $40 billion on natural gas from Russia. While Europe depends on Russian natural gas, the US is trying to be a more prominent Liquefied Natural Gas supplier (LNG), even though the price of LNG would be substantially higher in price than that of Russian gas. Once a flourishing and wealthy colony of ancient Greeks, a trade hub for Venetians and Genoese, a center of sciences and the arts! The Tatars didn't fare well in the Crimean War or in later conflicts, and many fled the region. As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. Russia has deployed offensive weapons and systems within striking distance of Ukraine, including main battle tanks, self-propelled howitzers, infantry fighting vehicles, multiple launch rocket systems, Iskander short-range ballistic missile systems, and towed artillery, as highlighted in Figures 1a and 1b. In the medieval period, it was partially conquered by Kievan Rus' whose prince was baptized at Sevastopol starting the Christianization of Kievan Rus'. The Crimean peninsula extends off the southern coast of Ukraine into the Black Sea. Common examples of natural resources include air, sunlight, water, soil, stone, plants, animals and fossil fuels. "The Crimea! A new phase of tourist development began when the Soviet government started promoting the healing quality of the local air, lakes and therapeutic muds. The Belbek has the greatest average discharge at 2.16 cubic metres per second (76cuft/s). We simply do not know. After Ukrainian independence in 1991, the central government and Crimea clashed, with the region being granted more autonomy. The country gets 55 per cent of its natural gas from Russia, and the bulk of it goes through Ukraine, which earns a transit fee equivalent to $7 billion. The Black Sea serves as an economic thoroughfare connecting the Caucasus region and the Caspian Sea to central and Eastern Europe. [48] Because of its climate and subsidized travel-packages from Russian state-run companies, the southern coast has remained a popular resort for Russian tourists. For reprint rights: Syndications Today. Crimea is located between the temperate and subtropical climate belts and is characterized by warm and sunny weather. Crimea has 540 MW of its own electricity generation capacity, including the 100 MW Simferopol Thermal Power Plant, the 22 MW Sevastopol Thermal Power Plant and the 19 MW Kamish-Burunskaya Thermal Power Plant. The flow of holidaymakers dropped 35 percent in the first half of 2014 over the same period of 2013. In the ongoing international showdown between Russia and Ukraine, the region known as Crimea has emerged as the top prize a position it has held, for better or worse, for millennia. Since 2014 the railways are operated by the Crimea Railway. For the strategy to work, the Crimean peninsula was of strategic importance. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. That's why any instability in the region is bound to send shock waves through international energy markets: Crude-oil prices jumped by $2.33 a barrel on Monday (March 3), due in large part to jitters over the Russian aggression in Crimea, according to the Associated Press. Crimea has been a part of Ukraine since 1954, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev "gave" it to Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. At the aggravation of political situation between Russia and Ukraine, the . Visa and MasterCard temporarily stopped service in Crimea in December 2014. [91] This is down from the 2001 Ukrainian Census figure, which was 2,376,000 (Autonomous Republic of Crimea: 2,033,700, Sevastopol: 342,451). The Isthmus of Perekop connects the peninsula to Kherson Oblast in mainland Ukraine. [49], Most of the peninsula receives more than 2,000 sunshine hours per year; it reaches up to 2,505 sunshine hours in Qarabiy yayla in the Crimean Mountains. [48] However, most of Crimea (88.5%) receives 300 to 500 millimetres (11.8 to 19.7in) of precipitation per year. "Shortly before the occupation, agreements were . The courts, however, are part of the judicial system of Ukraine and have no autonomous authority. On the south side is the large Donuzlav Bay and the port and ancient Greek settlement of Yevpatoria/Kerkinitis/Gzleve. [117], Crimean Tatar singer Jamala won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 representing Ukraine with her song "1944", about the historic deportation of Crimean Tatars in that year by Soviet authorities. ", "Crimea opens the largest and most beautiful airport in Russia's south", "New terminal of Simferopol airport opened at Crimea", "Australia imposes sanctions on Russians after annexation of Crimea from Ukraine", "Japan imposes sanctions against Russia over Crimea independence", "EU sanctions add to Putin's Crimea headache", "Special Economic Measures (Ukraine) Regulations", "Australia and sanctions Consolidated List Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the European Union on the alignment of certain third countries with the Council Decision 2014/145/CFSPconcerning restrictive measures in respect of actions undermining or threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty and independence of Ukraine", "Crimea hit by multiple sanctions as power, transport and banking communications are cut off", "Visa and MasterCard quit Crimea over US sanctions", "Sanctions trump patriotism for Russian banks in Crimea", "Kyiv vows to restore Ukrainian rule over Crimea to re-establish 'world law and order', "Results of Census: Population of Crimea is 2.284 Million People - Information agency "Krym Media", "Regions of Ukraine / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", "Census of the population is transferred to 2016", "Results / General results of the census / Linguistic composition of the population / Autonomous Republic of Crimea", administrative divisions of the Taurida Governorate, "The First General Census of the Russian Empire of 1897 Taurida Governorate", " Weekly . . It was often fortified and sometimes garrisoned by the Turks. [61], Agriculture in the region includes cereals, vegetable-growing, gardening, and wine-making, particularly in the Yalta and Massandra regions. The peninsula has, throughout its long history, been occupied by ancient Greeks, Romans, Goths, Huns, Ottomans, Mongols, Venetians and Nazi Germans. The Krymchaks (but not the Karaites) were targeted for annihilation during Nazi occupation. Russia has been strategically developing its natural gas resources to isolate Ukraine and to make it more difficult from an economic perspective for the Unitied States and its allies to assist. The source of power in the Crimean Republic is its people, which constitutes to the multinational nation of the Russian Federation. Between 1315 and 1329 CE, the Arab writer Ab al-Fid recounted a political fight in 13001301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being sent "to the Crimea",[4] apparently in reference to the peninsula,[5] although some sources hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some point during Ottoman suzerainty (14411783).[6]. There are two railroad lines running through Crimea: the non-electrified ArmianskKerch (with a link to Feodosia), and the electrified MelitopolSimferopol-Sevastopol (with a link to Yevpatoria), connecting Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland. [48] Winds from the northwest bring warm and wet air from the Atlantic Ocean, causing precipitation during spring and summer. Russia in the Black Sea. Artek was considered to be a privilege for Soviet children during its existence, as well as for children from other communist countries. [18] In English usage since the early modern period the Crimean Khanate is referred to as Crim Tartary.[19]. The eastern tip of the Crimean peninsula comprises the Kerch Peninsula, separated from Taman Peninsula on the Russian mainland by the Kerch Strait, which connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Azov, at a width of between 313 kilometres (1.98.1mi). Lets' take a look: Ukraine's breakaway territories in the Donbass region have abundant natural resources and, thus, make the area economically very feasible for the future. Much of the natural border between the Crimean Peninsula and the Ukrainian mainland comprises the Sivash or "Rotten Sea", a large system of shallow lagoons stretching along the western shore of the Sea of Azov. A number of dams have created reservoirs; among the largest are the Simferopolskoye, Alminskoye,[43] the Taygansky and the Belogorsky just south of Bilohirsk in Bilohirsk Raion. Among the many natural resources can be identified the main minerals of Crimea in short: Fossils of sedimentary origin; Fossils of volcanic origin; Fossils of marine origin. Industrial plants are situated for the most part in the southern coast (Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Kerch) regions of the republic, few northern (Armiansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Dzhankoi), aside from the central area, mainly Simferopol okrug and eastern region in Nizhnegorsk (few plants, same for Dzhankoj) city. Fuel resources include fossil fuel deposits of coal, natural gas and oil. For decades, a Soviet-era canal brought Crimea 85 percent of its freshwater from rivers on the Ukrainian mainland. [Video - World War II Underwater Graveyard Discovered]. What is it about this peninsula that makes it so desirable as a geopolitical trophy? most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south Natural Resources: iron ore, coal, manganese, natural gas, oil, salt, sulfur, graphite, titanium, magnesium, kaolin, nickel, mercury, timber, arable land Natural Hazards: NA The loss of jurisdiction over Crimea, whose significant offshore gas resources are no longer accessible to Ukraine, means natural gas reserve . [21], The north and centre of Crimea fell to the Mongol Golden Horde, although the south coast was still controlled by the Christian Principality of Theodoro and Genoese colonies. [80], Following Russia's largely unrecognized annexation of Crimea, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Australia, Japan, and several other countries (including Ukraine) imposed economic sanctions against Russia, including some specifically targeting Crimea. In the city of Yevpatoria a tram system is also operated. Marc Lallanilla has been a science writer and health editor at About.com and a producer with ABCNews.com. It was colonized by the ancient Greeks beginning in the seventh century BCE along with other areas of the northern Black Sea coast. Page 73, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. (2010) and Ukraine-Crimea-Russia: Triangle of Conflict (2007). Though the United States, along with many other nations and the U.N., has refused to recognize the validity of Russia's annexation of Crimea, its control remains disputed between both Ukraine and the Russian Federation. Ukraine has high concentrations of coal, iron, oil . The northwestern portion holds estimated reserves of 495.7 bcm of natural gas and 50.4 million tons of oil and condensate. With Russia's movements becoming increasingly suspicious . The companies are just two of a list of bids published online by the Ukrainian Geological Survey. Copyright2023 Living Media India Limited. See the, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. [89], Crimea is Ukrainian territory currently occupied by Russia; Ukraine has not relinquished title over the Crimean territory since the events of 2014, Crimea is internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. [94] In 2013, however, the Crimean Tatar language was estimated to be on the brink of extinction, being taught in Crimea only in around 15 schools at that point. Using this exclusive economic zone you literally lay claim to huge chunk of the entire Black Sea. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin may have dealt the Tatars their cruelest blow: By shipping food out of Crimea to central Russia in the 1920s, Stalin starved hundreds of thousands of Tatars. [48] The Crimean mountains greatly influence the amount of precipitation present in the peninsula. They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. The German Chancellor has stopped certifying Nord Stream II in view of Russia's aggression. The development of the transport networks brought masses of tourists from central parts of the Russian Empire. These are the resources that are found in the environment and are developed without the intervention of humans. The majority of auto companies are looking at lithium reserves across the world. Thus, much of the gas exploration, as well as production, have been transferred to Russia, due to which Ukraine's resources remain untapped. Livestock production includes cattle breeding, poultry keeping, and sheep breeding. It is here that the development of natural gas resources could help revitalize energy-intensive industries as well as develop new sectors such as hydrogen production which align with global emission reduction targets. [49] In the central and mountainous areas the climate is transitional between the continental climate to the north and the Mediterranean climate to the south. Iron ore reserves In 2020, despite all pandemic-related difficulties, 6.9 million people vacationed in Crimea. "If there is a conflict, as the minority, we will be the first to suffer," Usein Sarano, a Crimean Tatar, told Reuters. [49] A subtropical, Mediterranean climate dominates the southern coastal regions, is characterized by mild winters and moderately hot, dry summers. [35], There are 257 rivers and major streams on the Crimean peninsula; they are primarily fed by rainwater, with snowmelt playing a very minor role. The Crimean Tatars were forcibly expelled to Central Asia by Joseph Stalin's government as a form of collective punishment, on the grounds that some had joined the invading Waffen-SS, forming Tatar Legions, during World War II. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of energy resources in the annexation of Crimea. The autonomous republic was dissolved in 1945, and Crimea became an oblast of the Russian SFSR. Both Russia and the West see Ukraine as a prospective buffer against each other. Crimean Tatars, a predominantly Muslim ethnic minority who in 2001 made up 12.1% of the population,[107] formed in Crimea in the early modern era, after the Crimean Khanate had come into existence. The Crimean Premier League is now the top professional football league in Crimea. According to the open source data, the Russians have a grouping of about 127,000 strong arrayed against a reported 125,000 Ukrainian troops in the country's eastern regions. As a buffer for the two conflicting blocs, Ukraine has had very difficult choices to make in the last decade. Crimea is a peninsula that protrudes straight into the Black Sea. Much of the country's corn and wheat are destined for Africa and West Asia, which are heavily reliant on imports for food items. [49] Winters are mild at lower altitudes (in the foothills) and colder at higher altitudes. According to Reuters, Crimea may nationalize oil and gas assets within its borders belonging to Ukraine, and sell them off to Russia. Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. Hello dear TA members, Golytsin trail ( path) is 4.5 km nature walk along the shoreline of the black sea in Novy Svet. under the crescent flag of Islam, began to be a place where Christians were persecuted. [48] As well, winds from the southwest bring very warm and wet air from the subtropical latitudes of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea and cause precipitation during fall and winter. Reports of explosions in Bakhchysarai, occupied Crimea. During its heyday, 27,000 children a year vacationed at Artek. The Crimean Peninsula is connected to Ukraine by two narrow necks of land, making it more like an island with two natural land bridges than simply a bit of land jutting out into the sea. The point that the US is aiming to make is to stop Russia from dominating Europe through energy dependence and what US Secretary of State Antony Blinken termed "weaponising heat" by controlling gas during winter months when Europe needs Russia to stay warm. Since that time, Crimea has existed as a semi-autonomous region of the Ukrainian nation, with strong political bonds to Ukraine and equally strong cultural ties to Russia. During World War II, Crimean Tatars were deported by the thousands to serve as laborers and other menial workers in Russia under inhuman conditions about half the Tatar population reportedly died as a result. After the Russian annexation of Crimea in early 2014 and subsequent sanctions targeting Crimea, the tourist industry suffered major losses for two years. A look at the country's natural resources: Oil and Gas Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. ", "Crimea Annexation 'Robbery on International Scale', " ", " ::", "Tourist Season A Washout in Annexed Crimea", " , 2014 ", " , 2016 ", "Autonomous Republic of Crimea Information card", "Russia to cover Crimea's $1.5 billion budget deficit with state funds- TV", "Vineyard managers and researchers seek sustainable solutions for mealybugs, a changing pest complex", UC Agriculture and Natural Resources (UC ANR), International Association for the Plant Protection Sciences, "Ukraine's Black Sea gas ambitions seen at risk over Crimea", "East European Gas Analysis Ukrainian Gas Pipelines", "Investment portal of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea investments in Crimea "Chernomorneftegaz" presented a program of development till 2015", "Crimea goes dark after Russian shutdown leaves the peninsula without power", "Putin orders military exercise as protesters clash in Crimea", "The longest trolleybus line in the world! is it illegal to sell fake autographs, vienna times obituaries,
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