Frank George Wisner II (born July 2, 1938) is an American businessman and former diplomat who had served as acting United States Secretary of State for a few hours following the resignation of the previous acting United States Secretary of State Arnold Kanter at noon on January 20, 1993 until the confirmation by the United States Senate and Aid Groups Warn of "Secondary Disaster" as Death Toll from Turkey . Work out a new speech for Brad We went to the White House in the morning. [vague][15] Wisner was unsuccessful in convincing Mubarak to do so. As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". Wisner's death saddened but did not shock his colleagues. Thomas Braden later recalled: "Wisner brought in a whole load of fascists after the war, some really nasty people. He lived in Romania with a beautiful Russian spy. Nagy also released anti-communists from prison and talked about holding free elections and withdrawing Hungary from the Warsaw Pact. Wisner, as head of the Office of Policy Coordination (OPC), took overall responsibility for the operation. He was assigned as a vice consul at the American Consulate General in Tangier, Morocco. Frank Gardner Wisner was born in Laurel, Mississippi, in 1910. Feb 21, 11:00 am. Members of what was later called the Georgetown Ladies' Social Club included Katharine Graham, Mary Pinchot Meyer, Sally Reston, Polly Wisner, Joan Braden, Lorraine Cooper, Evangeline Bruce, Avis Bohlen, Janet Barnes, Tish Alsop, Cynthia Helms, Marietta FitzGerald, Phyllis Nitze and Annie Bissell. He had been elected as President of Guatemala in March, 1951. The OPCs mission was to take on the Soviet Union, and right from the start, the Pentagongearing up for World War IIIwanted everything from insurgencies in Western Europe to sabotaging the entire Soviet air force, and it wanted them now. Now internal subversion communism from within - was an additional cause for direct action. Jake Esterline was placed in charge of the CIA's Washington task force in the overthrow of Jacobo Arbenz in Guatemala. While the Guatemalan government valued $2.99 per acre, the American government valued it at $75 per acre. Perhaps he had made up his mind to kill himself. Early life [ edit] A large number of these prisoners were tortured or killed. He worked in the Navy's censor's office before managing to get a transfer to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). He gained support for this from James Forrestal, the Defense Secretary. CIA's Voice of Liberation also put out similar radio broadcasts. I suspect that had we known more (it would have just made us more appreciative.) Death 29 Oct 1965 (aged 56) Kent . When this failed he put pressure on Security Council members to vote against the resolution. What was not said, but what was already clear after the events in East Germany the previous year, was that the exercise of American power, even clandestinely through the CIA, would not be undertaken where Soviet power was already established. Hector and I smiled at each other as Brad flushed with pleasure. It was the nearest thing to an expletive I ever heard Dulles use. He retired in 1963, and committed suicide with a shotgun in 1965. The DPP now accounted for three quarters of the CIA budget and 60% of its personnel. Frank Wisner was constantly looked for ways to help convince the public of the dangers of communism. This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. At Arlington Cemetery, Frank Wisner was buried as a naval commander, his wartime rank. "The cable was from Des FitzGerald. I suspect that had we known more (it would have just made us more appreciative.) He suffered a breakdown in 1958, and retired from the Agency in 1962. Graham himself recruited others who had worked for military intelligence during the war. His army was outnumbered by the Guatemalan Army. Admiral. This included George Kennan, Dean Acheson, Richard Bissell, Desmond FitzGerald, Joseph Alsop, Stewart Alsop, Tracy Barnes, Thomas Braden, Philip Graham, David Bruce, Clark Clifford, Walt Rostow, Eugene Rostow, Chip Bohlen, Cord Meyer, James Angleton, William Averill Harriman, John McCloy, Felix Frankfurter, John Sherman Cooper, James Reston, Allen W. Dulles and Paul Nitze. Wisner managed to get a copy of the speech that Nikita Khrushchev made at the 20th Party Congress in February, 1956, where Khrushchev launched an attack on the rule of Joseph Stalin. The President's final handshake was with Alien Dulles. No senior gure of the time at CIA ever had anything to do with that organization. Finally Brad (Colonel Albert Haney) rehearsed his speech. Another project started by Wisner was called Operation Bloodstone. He wanted to start yet another secret agencythis one accountable to virtually no one. On 18th June, 1954, aircraft dropped leaflets over Guatemala demanding that Arbenz resign immediately or else the county would be bombed. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles added that the Guatemala people were living under a "communist type of terrorism". He had upset the US government by nationalizing Iran's oil industry. "The cable was from Des FitzGerald. Hoover also passed to McCarthy details of an affair that Wisner had with Princess Caradja in Romania during the war. At his funeral the Bethlehem Chapel in the National Cathedral was overflowing with old friends who sang "Fling Out the Banner" as Wisner's family marched down the aisle at the end of the service. She moved to Lodi in 1934. Another historical falsehood is that becoming a leader at CIA hinges on membership in Skull and Bones, the secret society at Yale. After Pearl Harbor, he found himself in the Office of Strategic Services, where he spied behind enemy lines, eventually becoming head of OSS operations in southeastern Europe. Now internal subversion communism from within - was an additional cause for direct action. Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. [citation needed], Wisner married Mary Ellis 'Polly' Knowles (19122002) and they had four children: Elizabeth Wisner, Graham Wisner, Ellis Wisner, and Frank G. Wisner who entered into diplomatic service. "Thanks Allen, and thanks to all of you. A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. Samuel Zemurray, United Fruit Company's largest shareholder, with the help of Tommy Corcoran, organized an anti-Arbenz campaign in the American media. Two months later he moved on to Romania where his main task was to spy on the activities of the Soviet Union. Frank Wisner killed himself with one of his son's shotguns on 29th October, 1965. At this time Wisner began plotting the overthrow of Mohammed Mossadegh in Iran. Hoover, claimed that Caradja was a Soviet agent. Ernesto Guevara attempted to organize some civil militias but senior army officers blocked the distribution of weapons. Later he became an informal adviser to the royal family. The lighted shaft of the Washington Monument could be seen through the trees. "All these people are getting killed, Wisner later said, and we weren't doing anything, we were ignoring it. Faked photographs were distributed that claimed to show the mutilated bodies of opponents of Arbenz. Through think-tanks to foundations, directorates to membership of gentlemen's clubs, these mandarins were interlocked by their institutional affiliations and by a shared belief in their own superiority.". However, he got bored and enlisted in the United States Navy six months before Pearl Harbor. In April 1962 Richard Helms recalled Wisner to Washington. He became Assistant Director of the Office of Policy Coordination. Wisner focused his efforts on psychological warfare, most notably through Operation Mockingbird, wherein the OPC sought to influence foreign mediaand who better to plant propaganda than the press itself? The man moved away. In the cases of Frank Wisner and Philip Graham, it played a role in their suicides. According to Deborah Davis (Katharine the Great): "By the early 1950s, Wisner 'owned' respected members of the New York Times, Newsweek, CBS and other communications vehicles.". It wasnt long before the United States recognized the obvious mistake it had made in shutting down its intelligence capabilities. A close friend, Avis Bohlen said he "was so depressed about how the world was going he felt we were losing the Cold War.". Frank G. Wisner discusses his distinguished career in public service, including working as former undersecretary of defense for policy, undersecretary of state for international security affairs . Wisner added that he felt personally betrayed by this behaviour. Khrushchev's de-Stalinzation policy encouraged people living in Eastern Europe to believe that he was willing to give them more independence from the Soviet Union. I saw Frank three days before he died and he seemed in good spirits. He was prescribed psychoanalysis and shock therapy (electroconvulsive treatment). Later that year Wisner established Mockingbird, a program to influence the domestic American media. When Lansdale was manipulating electoral politics in the Philippines in 1953, Wisner asked Joe Alsop to write some columns warning the Filipinos not to steal the election from Magsaysay. As one of the agents involved in Operation Bloodstone, Harry Rositzke, pointed out, Wisner was willing to use anyone "as long as he was anti-communist". It had also given America resources and experience (concentrated in private hands) with the world outside the Americas, used effectively by the OSS during World War II American government, however, had stayed in America, lending its influence to business but never trying to overthrow other governments for commercial purposes. Evan Thomas, the author of The Very Best Men: The Early Years of the CIA (1995), argues that Joseph Alsop and Stewart Alsop worked very closely with Winser. and a LL.B. According to Phillips he initially questioned the right of the CIA to interfere in Guatemala: In his autobiography Phillips claims he said to Barnes: "But Arbenz became President in a free election. He was a good sprinter and hurdler and in 1936 was asked to compete in the Olympic trials. [17] Another project he was involved in was with regard to the Belarus Brigade's leaders, a unit incorporated into a German SS division, who were assisted into the United States after the Second world war, due largely to his efforts. 1944, Wisner was sent to Turkey. Eisenhower's first question was to Hector (Rip Robertson): "How many men did Castillo Armas lose?" The removal of Jacobo Arbenz resulted in several decades of repression. Other journalists willing to promote the views of the CIA included Stewart Alsop (New York Herald Tribune), Ben Bradlee (Newsweek), James Reston (New York Times), Charles Douglas Jackson (Time Magazine), Walter Pincus (Washington Post), William C. Baggs (Miami News), Herb Gold (Miami News) and Charles Bartlett (Chattanooga Times). [21], In 1962, Wisner retired from the CIA. Edit Search New Search Jump to Filters. Another project started by Wisner was called Operation Bloodstone. Over lunch in a glass-enclosed restaurant overlooking Central Park, they engage in verbal thrust and parry over the foreign policy issues of the day. On his watch, the CIA overthrew the governments of Iran and Guatemalathe only two such successes in the Agencys history. According to Nina Burleigh (A Very Private Woman) these journalists sometimes wrote articles that were commissioned by Frank Wisner. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. A decision was reached to create an organization within the CIA to conduct secret political operations. The Defense Department preferred to save its dirty tricks for times of war. Hulda Wisner (Hermann) 74, of Lodi, died Thursday morning in a local hospital after a short illness. 1944, Wisner was sent to Turkey. Frank Wisner took over direct command of the everyday operations of the Indonesian project. He worked in the Navy's censor's office until he managed to transfer to the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1943. After Cairo (from June 15, 1944) he spent three months in OSS Istanbul, Turkey, as head of SI (Secret Intelligence) branch. It did not take him long to discover that some of them had been active in left-wing politics in the 1930s. Such vague accusations as that "more than ten people have died mysteriously" can always be explained in some natural way e.g. He was impressive - not at all the disturbing man he was in the shadows. Wisner found one of his boys' shotguns and killed himself on October 29, 1965. "What about the Russians? Let's run over your presentations." The military now joined the opposition and Mossadegh was arrested on August 19, 1953. The CIA began providing financial and logistic support for Colonel Carlos Castillo. The only thing theyre proving is the law of gravity, said one CIA officer. [12] Wisner was chosen to lead the OPC in the capacity of Assistant Director for Policy Coordination (ADPC). Required fields are marked *. The results were horrifying2500 Hungarians were killed, 200,000 were forced to flee their country, and tens of thousands were arrested and imprisoned. We drank iced tea as we sat around a garden table in Dulles' back yard. After 1953 the network was overseen by Allen W. Dulles, director of the Central Intelligence Agency. On January 4, 1951, the CIA merged the two offices and created a new Plans Division, which has had sole control over secret operations of all types since that date. Perhaps he had made up his mind to kill himself. They plan for apocalyptic scenarios and continuity of government. [2][7] He joined the State Department as a Foreign Service Officer in December 1961. Tracy Barnes was field commander of what became known as Operation Success. Carlos Castillo and his collection of soldiers now crossed the Honduran-Guatemalan border. Their published recommendations included: the establishment of law and order through the retraining of the Iraqi army, focusing on the distribution of humanitarian assistance and reestablishment of vital services, and the importance of avoiding the appointment of exiled Iraqi opposition leaders to dominant positions in the new government. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. In 1950, the OPC was placed under the Central Intelligence Agency and renamed the Directorate of Plans. However, he began to get suspicious in 1951 and he asked William Harvey and James Jesus Angleton to investigate Philby. "He just has many, many friends in. I was vaguely uncomfortable. Wisner remained as Deputy Director of Plans (DDP) until September 1958, playing an important role in the early history of the CIA. The Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) was funded by siphoning of funds intended for the Marshall Plan. The Combat Applications Group does not write database software for infantry supply clerks; it is better known as Delta Force. Wisner, who reside on the George Wedge farm east of town. Wisner grew very fond of Philby and was unaware that he was a Soviet spy betraying all his operations to his masters in Moscow. At his funeral the Bethlehem Chapel in the National Cathedral was overflowing with old friends who sang "Fling Out the Banner" as Wisner's family marched down the aisle at the end of the service.
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