There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Prof. Jan Robert Go of the Department of Political Science, UP Diliman. It is our pleasure. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. x^[YsF~[-`pys)fk"%J hE;}LO *%gH=zoN/oNS~~zb|\U?_s3jJ}ZxhK2&$9|H-&9)q7"|kxN7i,anHiw>&_N~@bdkBs>gIM>z2|1zFDW+1"y-#HCQJmvj4CW5z,#IwHGc&Y"`Sg|2)FQ& p:?WT hQ4M:*|9tKy?c[U(zqfNBA=XCOf~2i6KC@;DGO? To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. >> There are Benin and Togo in between Ghana and Nigeria, two of the former British African colonies. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. /Width 371 /Height 235 << The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Unity of the country: 3.3 3. Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. 7 Topics . For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. This is because most of the power (financial and. Nigeria are typically inclined to the derivation principle, which is the process of distributing centrally generated revenue to constituent units with regards to the contribution made by a group to the country's more 12substantial income. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. Resource control: 3.7 7. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. % The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . /F6 21 0 R FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Useful tips on how to download from YouTube using SS, 10 most delicious Nigerian dishes for dinner, "Youve admitted election was flawed", Atiku replies Tinubu campaign, Whitney Adeyemi: Protest Hits Lagos as Residents Besiege Chrisland School, Long Fulani tribal braids: 30 beautiful styles to try out, Old Naira notes: 5 key things to know about Supreme Court's final verdict, "Precious don finish work": Little girl with 'anointing' prays passionately over food as mum watches, video trends. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. But besides these three major tribes, there are over 350 other smaller tribes with diverse languages and dialects. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. /F2 9 0 R Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). In federalism, there is accountability, there is transparency. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. /F3 12 0 R Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. . You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Fear of insecurity and the desire for a Union Meaning of federalism? 2. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. /Type /XObject READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. a system of state organization, to bring a workable polity with a just moral order is the reason why states adopt or should adopt federalism. << 1. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. /F4 15 0 R +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. Adobe d C It was under the 1954 constitution that federal system of government was fully adopted. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. /F7 24 0 R READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. /Length 14727 It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Rt. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Reasons for a state to adopt a federal system include the need to reflect linguistic, economic and cultural differences of a population, especially one that is concentrated geographically. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. This allows the central or federal government to share governmental powers between the central or federal government and the components regions, state, etc. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development:
Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Send the Following Details on WhatsApp ( 08143831497) After Payment. In Nigerias case, the tongues and tribes that made up Nigeria has one colonial history. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Hon. The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. /F5 18 0 R and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Your email address will not be published. A large body of literature exists on Nigeria's fiscal federalism particularly with reference to revenue allocation. This simply means that federalism in Nigeria provides accommodation, an institutional arrangement which gives the component units equal and coordinate jural status. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Each state has the same level of self-governance. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. /Parent 2 0 R stream It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Federalism as a system of government which is meant to help to advance good governance and development of a multi-ethnic and big country like Nigeria. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Pls visit us again dear reader. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Dual federalism was dominant from the 1790s until the 1930s. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. I love this article,very educating and interesting 2. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Required fields are marked *. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. In this article, i will comprehensively discuss the reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). He rejects the assertion that We appreciate you. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford.
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