List Gallery Activity Meteorologists from Melbourne 6T format_list_bulleted expand_more 1. Research meteorologists work for different government agencies. His success appears never to have . Whilst his method has now been disproved, he was ahead of his time in recognizing the importance of magnetic fields. Top 40 Leading Weather & Climate Voices to Follow in 2022 Ronit Margulies October 17, 2021 Weather & Climate Change This year we've seen extreme weather events - hurricanes, flooding, record-breaking heatwaves, and wildfires - cause chaos and devastation across the globe. So obviously everyone is fired. The people on this list are from different countries, but what they all have in common is that they're all renowned tv meteorologists. A 10-year-old boy was swept under. Well, Inigo had some good insights but that prediction did not pan out. He had a lot of interest in the natural sciences, so he started studying and experimenting in his spare time. Let's throw it over to Chuck, who has the moves that'll take today from "cool" to "cooler.". In 1742, he proposed his Celsius temperature scale to the Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was one of the first individuals within the meteorological community to see how important cooperation on an international level would be to the field. The Londoner's 2018 album Golden was the singers 14th. Murdochs business empire is spread across China, Britain, Europe, the US, much of Asia. Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A. Sam Worthington. Cathy Freeman. Greers book, The Female Eunuch, published in 1970 captured the attention of many globally. He was later named a fellow of the Royal Society. In his spare time, Dr. Lyons works to create models for forecasting. After catching the worlds eye as a Victorias Secret Angel in 2007, Miranda Kerr has become one of the world's most-recognisable models. He also appeared in the documentary Before the Flood, partially produced by Leonardo DiCaprio. He is remembered for his contribution to research on the ozone layer. Pick: Do you consider these musicians one-hit wonders? Playing the title role in Muriels Wedding launched Collette into a career. During that time, he also traveled a great deal, visiting observatories in Italy, Germany, and France. Australia is famous for its many hiking trails, and The Blue Mountains National Park offers some of the best. He also admitted that it had hit him 'right between the eyes, a knife through the back and through the heart, its the best description of it. Mabo defied racism laws that barred blacks and went into a whites-only restaurant. I am proud, pumped and privileged to be part of the family. Ferrel worked to develop theories that explained atmospheric circulation at mid-latitudes in great detail. He was a German engineer and physicist, and most of his life was spent working within the Dutch Republic. E. Linacre. 6. Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit FRS (; German: [fanhat]; 24 May 1686 16 September 1736) was a physicist, inventor, and scientific instrument maker. List of famous tv meteorologists, with photos, bios, and other information when available. This was when his big break in the local market for print news. Following her teenage roles (remember BMX Bandits?) The Wheel of Fortune host started out his TV career pointing at storm clouds on WSM-TV in Nashville. His stage character, Edna Everage, is popular and has earned him the title of the greatest comedian. An Australian TV weatherman is being hailed as a hero after he stripped down and dived into dangerous waters at a local beach to recover the body of a man while cameras were still rolling. Please go home. By Minyvonne Burke. Apart from being a geologist and physicist, Horace Bndict de Saussure was also a skilled mountaineer and Alpine explorer. Tupelo, Mississippi, weatherman Matt Laubhan, a reporter for WTVA since 2011, holds the honor as "Northeast Mississippi's first Certified Broadcast Meteorologist." In fact, he and his team are so good at what they do that they have earned five Emmy awards out of a dozen nominations. He conducted a series of experiments on pea plants between 1856 and 1863, establishing many rules of heredity. After releasing her debut single Locomotion in 1987, Minogue went on to become one of Australias most successful music acts, recording hits such as I Should Be So Lucky, Better The Devil You Know and I Cant Get You Out Of My Head. He believed these and the interaction of the magnetic fields of larger planets influenced our weather. Alan Wilkie, with black marker in hand, shows us how it was done in 1976 for Seven Nightly News using hi-tech, rotating weather maps and the latest imaging from Macquarie University: Alan Wilkie presents the weather,Seven National News,3 August 1976. Rain or shine, these pros are always there to talk about rain or shine. He and his son-in-law, Alfred Wegener, later published a paper entitled "The Climates of the Geological Past." Wegeners body was not found until May 1931. Her film credits include My Best Friends Wedding, Saving Mr Banks and Hacksaw Ridge. Bailey also acted as a cover reporter for the network. Albert Lincoln Roker Jr. (born August 20, 1954) is an American weather forecaster, journalist, television personality, actor, and author. The Weather Man: Directed by Gore Verbinski. Courtesy Network Ten. Through launching pads like TV's Home & Away and Neighbours, and revered drama institutions such as Sydney's NIDA, Australia has a history of nurturing its talents before seeing them shoot to worldwide stardom in movies, TV, music, or on the catwalk. He worked diligently regarding this issue, and the fruits of his labor are still evident today. In 1993 he began hosting a children's morning show called 'The Big Breakfast'. Considered one of the sexiest presenters on TV by the media, this TRIC Award-winning weather presenter has also played badminton for Wales internationally. Sir William Napier Shaw, better known as Napier Shaw, was a British meteorologist who devised the tephigram and the millibar. The former Home and Away star is one of the most recognisable Australian celebs in Hollywood, having appeared in such hits as Wedding Crashers, The Great Gatsby and Now You See Me. Lyons was known as The Weather Channels severe weather expert for 12 years. The list consists of 25 members and 1 sublist. She got into politics and won the seat of West Perth in the WA election. Some of his other prominent films are Kate & Leopold, Les Misrables, The Greatest Showman, The Prestige and Australia. listening to the radio last night ( 01/11/2019 ) and heard that a time capsule had been recovered and a local paper stated that Inigo Jones has predicted the worse drought in history in Australia and would break on the 14th November 2019. He is best known for being on-camera and involved with the weather from an up-close-and-personal standpoint, but he has made many other contributions to the field of meteorology. Bailey also acted as a cover reporter for the network. He lectured on meteorology quite often, and eventually, these lectures were compiled into a book. From there, he established a weather forecasting service for northwestern Germany and adjacent seas. His program was The Morning Crew with co-host Wendy Harmer. For local insights and insiders travel tips that you wont find anywhere else, search any keywords in the top right-hand toolbar on this page. Self care and ideas to help you live a healthier, happier life. He was one of Australias go-to actors, appearing in gems such as the Bodyline TV series, Proof and Bangkok Hilton (with Nicole Kidman). He correlated the motion of the Earth with the motion of the atmosphere in order to show that centrifugal force is created. This D.C.-based weather hottie is caught up in some kind of, like, Handsome Vortex. Inigo Jones became quite famous as a long range forecaster during his lifetime, although opinions about the accuracy of his predictions were mixed. He would handle the local weather bits during The Today Show. Did anyone walker or Indio jones predict 2019 lad floods, No but he said the 2019 drought would end this summer, My name is Stephen Whitehead. Late last year, it was reported that the actor returned home to Australia with his model wife Lara Worthington and their two children. These days, Hugo, who has a son and daughter with long-time partner Katrina Greenwood, works in both Australian and Hollywood productions. In addition to giving lectures in Amsterdam on the subject of chemistry, Fahrenheit continued to work on developing meteorological instruments. Fahrenheit was born in Danzig (now Gdask. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. He not imagining the river could be dry. He was also a chemist and a meteorologist and spent his life teaching at the University of Edinburgh. Happy travels! The meteorological theory that Ferrel worked on was originally created by Hadley, but Hadley had overlooked a specific and important mechanism that Ferrel was aware of. Initially a practicing physician, he was also interested in zoology and helped John James Audubon publish The Birds of America. When weather forecasters of today talk about the earliest existing weather records in the UK, they are generally referring to Daltons records. Much of what Dalton did with his meteorological instruments helped to turn the forecasting of weather into actual science. The concern with his temperature scale was the boiling point of water. He is the current weather anchor on NBC's Today. He went to the National Institute of Dramatic Art. Weatherman's risqu dip on-air stuns TV hosts | Today Show Australia TODAY 387K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K Share 164K views 1 year ago #TodayShowAustralia #AllisonLangdon #KarlStefanovic. Photo by Hpeterswald - Wikimedia. The Weather Channels Dr. Steve Lyons is one of the most famous meteorologists in modern times. He died in 1744. Today, we know those particles are atoms. She got interested in athletics at a very young age and won her very first race when she was 8 years old. Yet weather forecasting on television with fancy maps and graphics and satellite imagery did not take off until the 1970s. Shes been nominated a total of seven times for an Oscar and won twice (Blue Jasmine and The Aviator). news to me,hope he is correct. Donarreiskoffer/Wikimedia Commons/CC BY 3.0. In 1977, he jumped from Music City to Southern California, landing the weather gig at KNBC in L.A. No wonder he has such sympathy for Vanna. This list of popular meteorologists includesJohn Dalton and Alfred Wegener. He taught at the State University of New York and was later named a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. We may all come from different walks of life but we have one common passion - learning through travel. [3] A Chicago weather man, separated from his wife and children, debates whether professional and personal success are mutually exclusive. Each spring, he speaks at hurricane preparedness conferences from New York to Texas. If your dream job is to be a popular meteorologist then you should look to these people for inspiration. In 1884, he created his cycle of erosion, which showed the way rivers create landforms. Though he became the Qiongzhou governor, he was later dismissed for corruption. Who did you trust most with the forecast? Initially an astronomer, he also served as the director of the Cincinnati (Ohio) Observatory. The Sydney-raised female actress made her Australian film debut at the age of 13 in Dallas Doll. To honour her, she has been featured on the backside of Australias 50-dollar note since 1995. Although he was most noted for being an astronomer, he also made an extremely important contribution to the field of meteorology. Once there, he became chief of the Division of Marine Meteorology at the German Naval Observatory. Smucker's-lover Willard Scott took over in 1980, and Ryan in turn filled Scott's now vacant spot in Washington, D.C. He has three children with his ex-wife, Australian actress Rebecca Rigg. Heath was found dead on January 22 2008 in New York City. He has two children with wife, actress Deborra-Lee Furness. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. I live on a small beef cattle farm in Lake Condah Victoria which is part of the Green Triangle (south west victoria). US residents can opt out of "sales" of personal data. Biography of Alfred Wegener, German Scientist, Difference Between Celsius and Centigrade, Temperature Conversions - Kelvin, Celsius, Fahrenheit. By doing this, he was able to show the correlation between the meteorological happenings that took place and the geological and geographical issues that were affected by them. I remember in 1951 my dad reading the paper of this drought and we asked him how will we survive? Natalie Imbruglia. Rupert established his business more than half a century ago and he continues to be a force to reckon with in the media industry. The set is being dismantled around him by a mischievous Ron Wilson as presenters Mike Gibson, Kerri-Anne Kennerley, Mike Willesee and Tim Webster look on. His sports coverage has included the Commonwealth Games, Melbourne Cup, Bathurst 1000 and Indycar racing. Inigo Jones established an observatory in a house at the corner of Bower Street and High Street in Highgate Hill. Details about birthday, children, spouse, family, awards and life achievements. Biography of John Dalton, the 'Father of Chemistry', The Most Influential Geologists of All Time. Fahrenheits parents passed away at an early age, and Gabriel had to learn to make money and survive. Try to name all the famous people on magazine covers in 1979. We have weather apps, weather websites and a cable channel devoted to weather. US meteorologist Cleveland Abbe, who proposed the use of time zones, was also known for his contribution to the development of the US Weather Bureau, or the National Weather Service, through his daily weather maps and forecasts. Photo by Jason Pini - Wikimedia. Hello Stephen, unfortunately Im just someone who is interested in Inigo Jones and wrote about his life. Also important to the issue of erosion is precipitation, because this contributes to runoff, rivers, and other bodies of water. The atmosphere, therefore, cannot maintain a state of equilibrium because the motion is either increasing or diminishing. These models provide a great deal of the forecasting that is seen on The Weather Channel. Nothing to worry about, EXCEPT FOR THE GIANT SPIDER ATTACKING LISA! Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. At the end of the decade, he started his ultimate brainchild, The Weather Channel. Originally called the Weatherman or the Weathermen, a name taken from a line in a Bob Dylan song, the Weather Underground was a small, violent offshoot of Students for a Democratic Society, or SDS . Hollywood has a lot of Australian talents like the Hemsworth brothers, Hugh Jackman, Nicole Kidman and several others. However not all of them work at weather stations, many of them meteorologists are employed by colleges and universities. By 2007, she was being cast regularly in Hollywood studio films and in 2009 became a blockbuster star through her role in the Nicolas Cage vehicle Knowing. Since then, shes starred in Insidious, Bridesmaids, X Men: First Class, Neighbours and Peter Rabbit. An expert in both tropical and marine meteorology, Dr. Lyons has been a participant in over 50 conferences on weather, both on a national and an international level. Davis studied meteorological phenomena, along with geological and geographical issues. Photo by Hpeterswald Wikimedia. Climate meteorologists analyse long term weather pattern to predict weather report. Bailey remains best known for his long association with Network Ten starting in 1980, working as their weather presenter from 1991, and was renowned as being "Australia's most trusted weather man". He acquainted himself with the field of paleoclimatology as well. Australia is a vast country and a continent with interesting landscapes and it is home to the Pink Lake. In around 1936, he moved to the family farm Crohamhurst near Peachester on the Sunshine Coast from where he observed sunspot cycles from a purpose built observatory. 15 Things Australia is famous for. The former Geelong boy has one child with Dutch actress Carice van Houten. At the restaurant, he held up a sign demanding to be served. Eventually, he became fascinated by meteorology, a relatively new field at that time. Starting as a professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he later headed the meteorology department at the same institute. Early in his life, he studied astronomy and received his Ph.D. in this field from the University of Berlin in 1904. Gabriel was the eldest of the five Fahrenheit children who survived into adulthood. He also edited Encyclopdia Britannicas 8th edition. We have an um "exciting" forecast for you today. Inthe clip below, Sunrise's Grant Denyerreports from an old country pub in Tasmania where we meet the pub's owner and her beer-drinking pig: Grant Denyerpresents the weather from Tasmania,Sunrise,3 March 2013. Right IconThis ranking is based on an algorithm that combines various factors, including the votes of our users and search trends on the internet. A four-time Oscar nominee, she picked up the gong for her portrayal of Virginia Woolf in The Hours in 2002. WATCH:Nicole Kidman reveals she almost dated Jimmy Fallon. Some people put great faith indeed in his predictions. Australia 's climate has warmed by 1.4 since national records began in 1910, . And the ghost that's apparently tickling Jeff. In 1803, Daltons Law was created. This includes the most prominent tv meteorologists, living and dead, both in America and abroad. WATCH:Kyle and Jackie O's awkward encounter with Russell Crowe. Born in Australia (Perth), the actress has three children with husband Sacha Baron Cohen. Thank you, Chuck! Noted meteorologist William Morris Davis was born in 1850 and died in 1934. He has tremendous respect for the weather, what it can do, and how quickly it can change. After more changes were made to it, the system was finally published in 1936. This gave him his breakthrough in the international scene. John Dalton was a British weather pioneer. What hasn't Elle MacPherson done? Monte Dwyer, former Channel Nine Today show weatherman, stands on a makeshift stage under a glowing K-Mart sign, deep in the stomach of a crowded shopping centre. Playing the title role in Muriels Wedding launched Collette into a career that included starring roles in About a Boy, The Hours and Little Miss Sunshine. All right folks, Lucy has been fired. I have enough hay to last me to the end of August. Whether you want to learn the history of a city, or you simply need a recommendation for your next meal, Discover Walks Team offers an ever-growing travel encyclopaedia. Nobel Prize-winning Japanese-origin American meteorologist Syukuro Manabe is a pioneering figure in the use of computers to stimulate climate change. A scientist, meteorologist, mathematician, and biologist, Gregor Mendel is considered the founder of the modern science of genetics. There are many attractions in the large cities in Australia like Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane and Perth. Can you recognize these stars on the cover of TV Guide in 1970? His Brisbane home from where he conducted his research in the 1920s and 30s is still standing today in Bower Street, Dutton Park. It was brutal and I was very, very sad.'[8]. Because of this, the hypothesis was that an international scale for temperature would not work. On 21 September 2020, he commenced presenting the weather for morning and drive programs on Sydney radio station 2GB. What are your predictions for current and future rainfall? Julie Bishop was responsible for enforcing Australias economic relationships and was in charge of more than 5,000 departmental staff. He has been associated with the faculty of both the Princeton and Nagoya universities. British meteorologist Helen Willetts has been a known face on various BBC channels, such as BBC World News, BBC Radio 4, and BBC Radio 2. She has won multiple awards, including an Emmy and Golden Globe for her role as Tara Gregson in Showtimes United States of Tara. You might also enjoy these hilarious weatherman photos and these ridiculous news show fails. In order to better study the circulation of polar air, Wegener was part of several expeditions that went to Greenland. He is currently planning a Resurrection sequel to his 2004 labour of love, The Passion of the Christ, which is reportedly due to be released in 2022. Who would have thought that the redhead from the Bop Girl music video would rise to such heights? He travelled with his family to Queensland when he was two years old. Scottish physicist, meteorologist and Nobel Laureate Charles Thomson Rees Wilson is noted for inventing the cloud chamber particle detector, also referred to as Wilson cloud chamber, used for visualizing the passage of ionizing radiation. Geez Louise, let's wrap this up with Nope! She pushed for equality and encouraged women to take control of their future. Obsessed with travel? In his home state of Indiana, the talk show pioneer began as weather announcer forecaster seems like a stretch, and "meteorologist" is far too scientific. Hailing from a farming family, he spent his entire life on his farm. Despite this, however, the scale retains Celsius name. His bits were filled with the material of a comedian aching to break away from the map, as he would spew very Letterman-like jokes such as "hail stones the size of canned hams" and"The higher-ups have removed the border between Indiana and Ohio making it one giant state." ", Charles Turner after James Lonsdale/Wikimedia Commons/Public Domain. Sam grew up in Rockingham, near Perth in Western Australia. Doug Kammerer of NBC 4 in Washington D.C. Chris Brandolino, formerly with WSTM-TV (now CNYCentral's Channel 3) and WSYR-TV (NewsChannel 9), moved to Auckland, New Zealand, early in 2014. A pioneer in astronomical spectroscopy, Italian Jesuit priest and astronomer Angelo Secchi was among the first scientists who authoritatively stated that the Sun is a star. Jacob Bjerknes began his career working under his father and later pursued an academic career. While many stars used Neighbours as a launching pad for their acting careers, Kylie had other things in mind. It can be treated much more effectively in the modern era, but in Celsius time, there were no quality treatments for the disease. Inigo Jones was born in England in 1872 and was descendent from both the 17th century architect of the same name and the Bernoulli family of mathematicians. Originally, the scale marked the boiling point of water at 0 degrees and the freezing point at 100 degrees. List of famous meteorologists, listed alphabetically with photos when available. He was later employed at the school, teaching in the fields of geology, mineralogy, chemistry, mathematics, and physics until he retired in 1867. Through studying the climate and experimenting with balloons, Kppen learned about the upper layers that were found in the atmosphere and how to gather data. There, he worked as a glassblower making altimeters, thermometers, and barometers. Computerized and mathematical models have significant role in the prediction of weather by meteorologists. He is one of the most famous Australians and businessmen. But since the 1990s he has been a country music star in the US, where he moved to in 1992. He also pioneered the use of similar methods in studying reasons of wars and the way to stop them. Times the World Was Almost Totally Destroyed, The Asteroid Impact That Got the Dinosaurs, Ranking the Best Disaster Movies of the 2010s, Times the World Almost Ended Due to These Events, History's Most Powerful Volcanic Eruptions, What Movies Get Wrong About Storms and Weather, John Dalton FRS (; 6 September 1766 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. From a long list, weve culled it down to 25 of the most successful and famous Australian celebrities in the fields of film, music, modelling and tv celebrities. Throughout her eclectic career the talented actress has seemed as comfortable in dramatic roles (The Portrait of a Lady; Rabbit Hole) as she did in the fun stuff (Bewitched, Paddington). My father was always quoting a supposed prediction by Inigo that there would be a drought so bad all the cattle in Australia could shelter under one tree. From humble beginnings growing up in Melbourne and the Northern Territory outback, Hemsworth is now one of the biggest movie stars on the planet, best-known for playing Thor in the films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. Further details of Inigo Jones methodscan be found here. Some were forecasting weather before anyone even used the term "meteorologists. He reckoned to give 2-5 day forecasts each Friday night in a Sydney newspaper in the 1970 s, for instance, stating the occurrence of rain and the daily maximum temperature. She had people rolling in the aisles long before she was a movie star and just a TV celebrity. Although the instruments he used were primitive, Dalton was able to gather a large amount of data. Thank you, Kevin, for that horrifying Vanna White impersonation. She studied law at the University of Adelaide and went on to practice as a commercial lawyer in Perth. She remains to be a strong figure in feminism and is respected all over the world. This Highgate Hill women thought water restrictions would have been removed because of his forecast of a flood. BBC Weather Presenters 29th June 2016 Last updated at 17:03 Find out about your favourite BBC Weather network presenters by clicking on the links below. She challenged womens traditional role in society. In 1990, he started in television as a reporter for Network Ten on Good Morning Australia with Kerri-Anne Kennerley and Mike Gibson. Despite his controversies, Mel Gibson, who was born in the US and grew up in Sydney, remains one of the most successful filmmakers and actors in Hollywood. He was a recipient of the William Bowie Medal. Like his brothers, actors Chris and Luke, Liam Hemsworth began his career on an Australian soap before moving on to become major actors in Hollywood. He bought his first newspapers; The Herald and Weekly Times, in 1987. In 1745, the Celsius scale was reversed by Carolus Linnaeus. 8. Cate Blanchett Before working with The Weather Channel, he worked for The National Hurricane Center. Oblack, Rachelle. In 2000 he hosted The $20 Challenge. The simplified version that shows the Ferrel cell, therefore, is somewhat inaccurate. Mel Gibson remains one of the most successful filmmakers and actors in Hollywood. Loewe, Fritz; Georgi, Johannes; Sorge, Ernst; Wegener, Alfred Lothar/Wikimedia Commons/U.S. Jones believed from his research that there were five main cyclical periods of 35, 59, 71, 84, and 165 years. Unfortunately, he died before he could get justice for his people. This clip also gives a brief behind-the-scenes glimpse at the early green screen technology that had replaced the cumbersome maps of previous decades: Tony Murphy presents the weather,Good Morning Australia,14 December 1990. Bailey stated of his sacking: 20 minutes after I was sacked from Channel 10, my phone rang, and before I had a chance to fall down, a bloke by the name of Benny Fordham picked me up. Celsius was ill from tuberculosis later in life. Called "The Thermodynamics of the Atmosphere," it became a standard textbook for meteorological students. In order to do this, one must study not just the movement of the air, but the movement of the air relative to the Earth itself. Before he hooked up with Nicole Kidman, Keith Urban, who was born in New Zealand and grew up in Queensland, was relatively unknown down under. Over the course of his career, Carl-Gustaf Rossby was honored with many prestigious awards such as the Applied Meteorology Award from the American Meteorological Society in 1959. Inigo Jones became interested in long range forecasting during the time he worked with Wragge, who had picked up ideas on planetary effects on climate at the 1891 world meteorology conference at Munich, Germany. Meteorologists' study and analyse weather conditions by using weather reports from the upper atmosphere, land and sea. #1 The Deadly animals (aren't as bad as you think) #2 There are plenty of other iconic animals as well. Sam grew up in Rockingham, near Perth in Western Australia. Very soon, stuffy was out and zany was in! Hes also starred in Cinderella Man, A Beautiful Mind and Robin Hood. He is credited for creating very precise thermometers. He had also contributed to the formation of the Meteorological Society and the Aeronautical Society of Britain. Are we going to get our Autumn break soon or do I need to prepare my animals for a drought. He went to the National Institute of Dramatic Art. His work won him honors such as the Hodgkins Medal. according to weather maps of that time and now,very much the same. In addition, he has taught World Meteorological Organization training courses in tropical meteorology, ocean wave forecasting, and marine meteorology. C.H.D. Then again, when is it not? He also served as a meteorologist for US War and Navy and penned the iconic book The Philosophy of Storms. It just so happens that was the first national network meteorologist position. Cates first film role was the 1997 Paradise Road. He was preoccupied with the atmospheric gases, however, and the atomic theory formulation came about almost inadvertently.
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