Victor Tasho Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant to the United States, founded the Branch Davidians in 1935 after growing disillusioned with his Seventh-day Adventist congregation. The plan was to force out the Branch Davidians without an armed assault. The federal governments response was widely criticized, with many saying that the FBI mishandled the conflict. 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All Rights Reserved. Theres also in the book a good deal of new material documenting the pressure by the FBI on brand-new Attorney General Janet Reno. The Branch Davidians were an offshoot of Seventh-day Adventists who believe that the last days may be imminent. It was everyone else's wives. He ultimately lost his radio gig after launching a fundraising drive to construct a new church at Mount Carmel outside Waco. How can we oppose the sort of fanaticism and abuse that defined life at Koreshs Mount Carmel Center without emboldening the security state? Theyre quickly trying to convey the message that I am your new best friend. [14] He applied for and was accepted to a Ph.D. program in comparative religion at University of Hawaii in approximately 1981. David Koresh may have been a false prophet, but he was onto something, the current pastor of the Branch Davidians recently remarked at his congregations compound near Waco, Texas. It's been 20 years to the day since the federal government began its siege of the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas. (People of color made up about half of Koreshs flock.) 2 men found drugged after leaving NYC gay bars were killed, medical examiner says. "It would be enough, if inserted gradually, so the Branch Davidians would come out.". The bodies of seventy-five Branch Davidian members were scattered around the compound, many of which were children. There were also very influential charges made that they were beating children. Site by: Sik Solutions, LLC. After a 51-day standoff, the conflict ends when an FBI . Adults regularly paddled children, and Koresh demanded total obedience to his rigid yet arbitrary rules. / 59m, Photo: Greg Smith/Corbis via Getty Images. BRANCH DAVIDIANS BRANCH DAVIDIANS . "[19] According to Robert R. Agnes, Schneider spoke to the FBI approximately 50% of the time, where Koresh spoke 40% of the time. He was formally married to Judy Schneider, but in the community Koresh impregnated Judy and she bore a child with him. With Michael Shannon, Taylor Kitsch, Andrea Riseborough, Paul Sparks. Alex Murdaugh sentenced to life in prison for murders of wife and son, Biden had cancerous skin lesion removed last month, doctor says, White supremacist and Holocaust denier Nick Fuentes kicked out of CPAC, Tom Sizemore, actor known for "Saving Private Ryan" and "Heat," dies at 61, Biden team readies new advisory panel ahead of expected reelection bid, At least 10 dead after winter storm slams South, Midwest, House Democrats unhappy with White House handling of D.C.'s new criminal code. Agencies | Contact Us | In February 1993, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raids David Koresh's Branch Davidian compound, a small religious community located just outside of Waco, Texas, triggering a drawn-out gun battle that kills four ATF agents and six civilians and wounds dozens more people. A clash for control of the Branch Davidians between Lois' son George and Vernon Howell ensued. The exhausting, frozen state of terror and avoidance overwhelms cult members and their ability to think critically about the ideology theyve suddenly committed themselves to. Newspapers, books, TV, and web access are all censured, ensuring that the only reality the recruit gets to experience is the one presented by the cult. I think its better to refer to the Branch Davidians as a sect or simply an offshoot of the Seventh-day Adventists. What do you consider to be the greatest lesson learned from what happened in Waco 30 years ago? Schneider was supposedly very successful at gaining converts to Branch Davidianism. But as ATF agents attempted to serve the warrants on Feb. 28, chaos ensued and a major gun battle broke out. Houteff had founded the Davidians, a small Adventist reform movement, in 1929. And thatfar from being the example of whiteness under siege that the right imaginesWaco fit into familiar patterns of state violence and repression, to which people of color, queer people, and other minority populations were and are disproportionately subjected. Authorities said he successfully converted more than 100 people and convinced them to live in his secluded compound near Waco after preaching his teachings throughout the U.S., Israel, Australia and Great Britain. Amid the chaos, a fire erupted and engulfed the building. The situation was given the FBI major case name WACMUR, an acronym for Waco Murders. A 51-day standoff followed, during which the FBI took over from the ATF. If we ever want proof that trying to cover up small things when mistakes have been made is the worst thing you can possibly do, just look at Mount Carmel in Waco. I think its important to remember that Bill Clinton later regarded Waco as the low point of his presidency. In the early 1980s, a troubled man from Houston joined the group. The agents were honored during a ceremony that included songs, laying a wreath, and a prayer. Copyright 2023 CBS Interactive Inc. All rights reserved. Did you come across details that have not been reported before? There was such an accumulation of it and the building went up like a book of matches. Later, each side would claim that the other was responsible for the conflagration, but Guinn points out that of the three entities involved, only one wanted it to resolve in death. This was a tragic day for our agency 30 years ago and 30 years ago we made a promise to never forget, Milanowski said. [21][22], At approximately 5:55 AM CDT (UTC5:00), the FBI Hostage Rescue Team called the Branch Davidians to inform them the FBI will administer CS gas in the compound to expel the Branch Davidians. Heavens Gate believed that committing mass suicide would enable them to enter a spaceship flying in the wake of the Hale-Bopp comet. His followers were in thrall . In April 1993, some 75 members of the millennial sect known as the Branch Davidiansincluding their messianic leader, David Koreshperished in the blaze that destroyed their compound near Waco,. It was a windy, cold day. On April 19, just after 6 a.m., the FBI began pumping tear gas into the Mount Carmel Center buildings. Thibodeau said its also likely some of the Branch Davidians may have shot each other to prevent a slower, more painful death in the fire. A 1998 file photo shows Branch Davidian leader David Koresh in a police lineup following a gun battle with former Davidians. Their plan didn't go so well, and four FBI agents and six Branch Davidians ended up dead in the ensuing exchange of gunfire. Documents | Until finally, towards the end, [Koresh] said that if he would be allowed to write out his explanation of the seven seals of the Book of Revelation and get those out to religious leaders in the country, he and his followers would come out. Instead, it was a massive fire in the compound that finally brought the standoff to an end with 76 Davidians dying. Koresh allegedly said that God told him to procreate with the women in the group to establish a House of David, where only he could have sexual relations with the women while the rest of the men were to remain celibate. It's a tragedy that has once again entered America's collective consciousness after Netflix recently added "Waco" a 2018 show based on the tragic events of the deadly Texas siege that originally aired on Paramount Network to its streaming library. On Feb. 28, 1993, agents with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raided the Branch . The sun didnt blacken, nor the moon turn red, but the world did come to an end, just as their prophet had promised, TIMEs Nancy Gibbs wrote at the time. The ATF became aware of the Branch Davidians after a UPS driver who was delivering a package to a gun store owned and operated by the Branch Davidians in 1992 discovered that the package contained at least a half-dozen grenades. Having identified a stressed, emotionally vulnerable target, cults flood that person with affection, flattery, and validation. Only nine people inside survived. The group was formed in the . The government is continually growing bigger and more powerful, and the people need to prepare to defend themselves against government control. On April 19, 1995exactly two years after the final Waco raidthat same young man parked a Ryder truck packed with 4,800 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, nitromethane, and diesel fuel in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. [7][8] In approximately 1986, Schneider encountered Marc Breault, an indigenous Hawaiian Branch Davidian, and converted to Branch Davidianism. Inside Mount Carmel, David's followers were waiting for something to happen. On February 28, 1993 at approximately 9:30 a.m., 100 lawmen from the Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms division of the United States Treasury Department descended on a religious compound owned and operated by the Branch Davidian cult 10 miles east of Waco, Texas. The Branch Davidians was a religious group formed in 1955, based on a prophecy of an imminent apocalypse involving the second coming of Jesus Christ. But the people who survived Mount Carmel, who believed in David Koresh, believe in him to this day that what the ATF did, and then the FBI [did], perfectly fulfilled David's prophecy that he and the others who died at Mount Carmel have been translated up and are waiting, and at some point, God is going to return them at the head of his armies, we're going to have this clash and the end of days will come. As historian Kathleen Belew has shown, the late 1980s and early 1990s represented a moment of uncertainty and transformation for white power, paramilitary, and anti-statist groups in the United States and beyond. Davidians believe that living prophets are given. Waco: Created by Drew Dowdle, John Erick Dowdle. 25 Years After The Tanks, Tear Gas And Flames, 'Waco' Returns To TV, Nearly 40 Years Later, Jonestown Offers A Lesson In Demagoguery. Koresh was a monster and in many ways a narcissist, a leader who believed that he was the lamb referred to in the Book of Revelation, which focused on the violent end of days. But it was not the original intention," he says. Koresh was killed by his top aide, who shot the leader and then himself as the fires burned. A 50-year study reveals changing values children learned from pop culture. Buy on Bookshop. Government agents began investigating the Branch Davidians over charges that children at the compound were being abused and that the group was stockpiling weapons. Agents Conway LeBleu, Todd McKeehan, Robert Williams and Steven Willis, as well as six Branch Davidians, were killed Feb. 28, 1993, in what was one of the largest law enforcement operations in the U.S. at the time. During the 51 days, Koresh ordered 30 people, including 19 children, to leave. The husbands of these women were forbidden to have sex at all anymore. The FBIs ensuing siege lasted 51 days as their tactics to try to force the Branch Davidians grew more aggressive. Dennis Dunleavy / San Antonio Express-News, S.A.-area rancher catches the hearts of American Idol judges, 10 things to do this weekend in San Antonio, Boy, 11, shoots self in head with gun he found in apartment, Take a look inside this $3.5 million 'mystery' mansion, VIDEO: Hail goes through Alamodome roof, thousands without power, Reign of terror: Neighbors recall owners of killer pit bulls, New food truck park opens at The CO-OP SA, Viral TikTok video shows loose part on S.A. rodeo Ferris wheel, ATF agents share long-shrouded details about Branch Davidian raid, Miniseries on infamous cult standoff with federal agents riles Waco city officials. For 52 days, Koresh, a self-proclaimed messiah, and his followers rebuffed offers for a peaceful resolution. But when 76 ATF agents descended on Mount Carmel to execute these warrants in late February 1993, they unknowingly initiated what would become the deadliest U.S. government action on American soil since the 1890 massacre at Wounded Knee. The Branch Davidians, who believe that the apocalypse is imminent in their lifetime, are a splinter group of the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The series of events, which gripped the nation two decades ago, is now the focus of Paramount Networks WACO, a six-part television miniseries that premieres Wednesday. How do you come down on that, given your research? Koresh became infamous as the self-styled prophet who thought he was the new Christ. As the days wore on, Koresh prolonged the siege, debating with authorities about his interpretations of the Bible, specifically the Book of Revelations. You use that phrase cult leader. Branch Davidians, of course, separated from Seventh-day Adventists in, I believe it was, the 1930s, and the church formally distanced itself from the branch. Seventy-six others, including children, were buried alive, shot or killed by smoke or carbon monoxide inhalation. Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. During the 51-day standoff, the FBI was able to secure the release of 44 people, according to the agencys records. [The ATF] heard from a couple disgruntled Branch Davidians who had left that Koresh was actually training his people in the use of these weapons and that eventually the Branch Davidians might actually launch an attack out of Mount Carmel on civilians around Waco, that there was going to be some kind of mass attack or even a mass suicide, like the one that occurred some years earlier in Jonestown, with Peoples Temple in Guyana. After Waco, the ATF standardized training specializing in warrant execution and hostage rescue. As it turns out, most people can be susceptible to cult influence under the right conditions. By, A service of the Moody College of Communication at the University of Texas at Austin, Hundreds of volunteers will fan out on San Marcos waterways Saturday to clean up trash, UTEP hosting Borderland Chopin Festival honoring a poet of the piano, Hoping to retain staff, Austin gives police officers a 4% raise, Detrs del proceso 'desordenado' para elegir al prximo responsable del metro ligero de Austin. Todays right-wing conspiracists and militias, Cook asserts, almost universally view Waco as a radicalizing event. In an interview with Aeon, social psychologist Alexandra Stein explained that when we are frightened, we dont simply run away from the fear, but run to a safe haven, to someoneand that someone is usually a person to whom we feel attached. The Real Story Behind the Waco Siege: Who Were David Koresh and the Branch Davidians. The group of over 100 men, women and children living inside the compound followed David Koresh, either a religious leader or a cult leader, depending on who you ask. At about 9:30 a.m. agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms attempt to execute arrest and search warrants against David KORESH and the Branch Davidian compound. Advertise | As the gunfire began at the Branch Davidian compound 25 years ago, kicking off what would become a 51-day siege, a group of journalists found . The shootout lasted two hours before a local sheriff contacted the ATF and negotiated a ceasefire, though some reports say the agents had run out of ammunition, according to the documentary Waco: The Rules of Engagement. After the ceasefire, the Davidians held their fire as they allowed the ATF agents to evacuate their dead and wounded and retreat. Example video title will go here for this video. The ATFs surprise attack was thwarted after a local television reporter, who learned about the plan, asked for directions to the compound from a mail carrier who happened to be Koreshs brother-in-law, according to the documentary. The charge was made that they were running a methamphetamine lab, which they werent. What was Project MKUltra? Why is it so hard to stop a highly contagious stomach bug now spreading in the US? And the victims were the ATF agents who died and the Davidians who died. It was updated in February 2023. Cooks account transports readers from the Davidians early days to the prolonged standoff that not only killed David Koresh and dozens of his followers but also radicalized countless right-wing extremists like Timothy McVeigh and Alex Jones. The fire tore through Mount Carmel, a compound where a group called the Branch Davidians had been holed up in a standoff with the FBI for several months. That was his promise. On the morning of Feb. 28, 1993, 76 agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) arrived at the compound, called Mount Carmel, expecting to surprise the group. Get browser notifications for breaking news, live events, and exclusive reporting. Under the leadership of Vernon Howell, a charismatic and apocalyptic preacher who would take the name David Koresh (1959-1993), it stockpiled . Some of the agents at the ceremony werent alive during the raid. Taking control of the church's holding in the days after the failed prophecy was a new group, the Branch Davidians, led by Oklahoma native Ben Roden. A disgruntled former Davidian had notified the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms of Koreshs unsavory activities, prompting an investigation that would yield search and arrest warrants. Investigators would later determine that people barricaded inside had spread gasoline and set it ablaze. The government then came to deliver a search warrant barreling up the driveway at the Branch Davidian compound northeast of Waco. By the end of the shootout, four agents with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms and six Branch Davidians were dead. We dont forget the agents that weve lost or the agents that were hurt that day. Those barricaded inside had already demonstrated their willingness to kill federal agents. DAVIDIANS. The Davidians, a small adventist reform movement, was established by Victor T. Houteff in 1929. The ATF just wants a chance to play with their toys, paid for by government money, he told a journalism student from Southern Methodist University in Dallas. FRONTLINE investigates the April 1993 FBI siege of the Branch Davidian compound at Waco, Texas. TEXAS, USA Feb. 28, 2023 marks 30 years since the start of the deadly siege that took place at the Branch Davidian Compound in Mount Carmel just miles outside of Waco. Koresh was considered a highly controversial figure not least because he used his position in the group to have sex with multiple wives, including, according to the FBI, girls as young as 10. The name Branch Davidians is most synonymous with the tragic 1993 siege in Waco, Texas which resulted in the death of 86 people. On the fire that broke out at Mount Carmel. In addition, people who were neglected or abused as children may be easily recruited because they crave the validation denied them in their childhood. Vernon Wayne Howell, known as David Koresh, his wife Rachel, and their son Cyrus in front of their house, Elizabeth Baranyai/Sygma via Getty Images, Overhead of smoking fire consuming David Koresh-led Branch Davidian cult compound, Time Life PicturesThe LIFE Picture Collection/Getty Images, Accused Sex Trafficker Wants Trial Delayed Because of #MeToo, How Black Filmmakers Are Reclaiming Their History Onscreen. "Almost one third of the ATF agents are carried away, bleeding or dead from this fight," Guinn says. Retired FBI special agent Charlie Rasner (left), retired special agent Jim McGee (center) and retired Austin Police Department crisis negotiator Rick Shirley (right) discuss the Waco siege in an interview for the Paramount+ series "FBI TRUE. To think long and hard before committing a violent act, I think is an important lesson for people of all political persuasions. Jobs | NBC 5 Today Anchor Deborah Ferguson reported daily updates from the Branch Davidian siege 25 years ago. Its not something that anyone ever wakes up in the morning and thinks its going to happen or wants to happen to be perfectly honest with you. ATF agents were looking. Lessons for media still echo from Waco tragedy. But negotiations stalled when Koresh delayed his surrender, and tensions heightened on April 19, 1993 when the FBI began moving their tanks closer to the complex and throwing tear gas inside. "Before noon on this day, ATF is dragging itself away like a defeated army.". Here are the four steps to getting sucked into a cult. [6] Steve excitedly wanted to join the Branch Davidians, but Judy was reluctant. Mother of 15-year-old shot at a house party wants someone held accountable, 'He came at me with a loaded 9mm gun' | Man robbed at gunpoint at his own garage in broad daylight, Houston forecast: Grab your jacket as you head to the rodeo, it's a cool and breezy Friday, Damage reported throughout North Texas area during severe weather. But when the FBI got caught lying about that, then, of course, it made it easy for conspiracists to say they're lying about everything. Originally coined by the Moonies, love-bombing is more or less self-explanatory. Heavily armed FBI agents unload from a pickup truck along a country road near the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, on March 6, 1993. This transcript has been edited lightly for clarity: Texas Standard: For those who dont know about the Branch Davidians and the siege in Waco, tell us a little bit more. Four federal agents and six Branch Davidians died that day, setting off a 51-day FBI-led siege that ended when a fire consumed the Branch Davidians' multistory compound, Koresh himself, and. According to the Austin American Statesman, at the time they had 24 different special response teams that were all trained differently and often under-equipped. ET on Paramount Network, formerly Spike TV. Sam Briger and Thea Chaloner produced and edited the audio of this interview. A Waco Tribune-Herald article that was published the day before the siege accused Koresh of physically abusing children, taking multiple underage brides as young as 12 and advocating polygamy saying he was entitled to at least 140 wives. In an initial raid on Feb. 28, four ATF agents were killed, 16 were wounded, and six Branch Davidians died. (Credit: BOB STRONG/AFP/Getty Images). [9] Scholars James Tabor and Eugene Gallagher note that he claimed to have converted twenty people on a trip to England in 1988. I think that he was an unhinged leader who collided with a government that made a great many mistakes. Over the years, the group moved from the. I think the great lesson to be learned is to look before one leaps. Against this backdrop, and amid fears that the government might curtail Americans access to firearms, Koresh and the Davidians sold weapons at gun shows throughout Texas. The members were mostly white people in their 30s and . Mount Carmel residents endured dismal living conditions. Of course, as you yourself mentioned there, David Koresh was engaged in sexual assault on underage women. We dont have to idealize Koresh or his followers to acknowledge their victimizationor to link it to that of Rodney King, Tamir Rice, Eric Garner, Michael Brown, Elijah McClain, Breonna Taylor, George Floyd, and the countless individuals ensnared in Americas crimmigration and carceral machinery. October 17, 1995 Frequently, these tales included gun fights between those entrusted with upholding the law and outlaws of that era. His personality comes across, and I think one can have at least a sense of why the Branch Davidians chose to follow him onto death. Some experts believe that the Branch Davidians had time to escape from the fires but waited too long and became trapped. About Us | Attorney General Janet Reno speaks during a weekly meeting with reporters on Sept. 3, 1999, at the Justice Department, where she announced that she will find a person to head an independent investigation of the Davidian case. The Rodens presided over the Branch Davidians until 1987, when Loiss protga young man named Vernon Howellstaged a violent raid on Mount Carmel and installed himself as the Davidians leader the following year. I believe we are slowly turning into a socialist government. Many of the deceased had fatal gunshot wounds to the head, chest and face, authorities said. Fire consumes the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, during the FBI assault to end the standoff with cult leader David Koresh and his followers on April 19, 1993. Cancel any time on the account page or at 888-274-5343, effective at the end of the billing cycle. Then he further announces that among all the women at Mount Carmel, every woman of childbearing age and that would be, say, from 12 up were now his wives and could have sex only with him for procreation purposes. Theres a variety of techniques they can use to accomplish this, but these usually involve iteratively subjecting the cult recruit to terror and love. It was inevitable it would. The children were separated and interviewed while the adults were arrested as material witnesses. Koresh declared that his authority came from God's word that he was above man's law and the authority of the U.S. government, and would only follow his own interpretations of the Bible. [15] The exact date of his conversion is unknown, but Tabor and Gallagher note that a videotape of a South Carolina Bible study from 1987 features Schneider, implying he converted in about 1986. I tend to try to keep remembering a line by the great author Tom Wolfe, who defined a cult as a religion with no political power. Get counterintuitive, surprising, and impactful stories delivered to your inbox every Thursday. [2][3] He was formally married to Judy Schneider, but in the community Koresh impregnated Judy and she bore a child with him. The FBI siege ended with another raid and a catastrophic fire, in which an additional 76 Branch Davidians would perish. The Branch Davidians (or the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh-day Adventists) were an apocalyptic new religious movement founded in 1955 by Benjamin Roden.They regard themselves as a continuation of the General Association of Davidian Seventh-Day Adventists, established by Victor Houteff in 1935.. Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant and a Seventh-day Adventist, wrote a series of . 2023 Tickle The Wire - Entries (RSS) - Comments (RSS) - Log in While the FBI said the fires were deliberately started by the Branch Davidians, some survivors believe the tear gas canisters caused the blaze. ATF officials said that agents heard gunshots coming from within the compound, while Branch Davidian survivors said the agents fired first. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. "In small doses, [the gas] wasn't supposed to be flammable, and it wasn't supposed to really be too physically affecting beyond irritation to eyes and skin," Guinn says. On the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) targeting the Branch Davidians for their stockpile of illegal weapons. Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. Research has shown that the people who are the most susceptible to recruitment are stressed, emotionally vulnerable, have tenuous or no family connections, or are living in adverse socioeconomic conditions. Of course, that assumes that this was a cult as opposed to a religious group. The flames rose in the air. It also allowed them to build the stockpile at Mount Carmel for their final battle. I believe the FBI misled her. Militia groups have long used Waco as a rallying cry. Gunfire erupts. Persecution is coming, Koresh told his followers. But whatever happened, all the canisters went in and gradually swirling clouds of CS gas began to spread throughout the building. Only nine of the Branch Davidians escaped the fire, while 75 bodies were found in the aftermath. One technique used was sleep deprivation for the compounds inhabitants with all-night recordings of jet planes, pop music and the screams of rabbits being slaughtered. It's almost indescribable how horrible it was in there. Theres a bit of a false belief out there that cult recruits tend to be mentally ill, but this usually isnt the case. Mobile Site PublishedFebruary 6, 2023 at 8:30 AM CST, Austin Music Experience | All Austin musicians and artists | KUTX HD2, Texas Music Experience | Listen anytime at tmx.fm | KUTX HD3, Texas Standard | New subscribers can get one month free on Paramount+ (see details below). program. The trouble . Claiming to possess the power of prophecy, Houteff built a respectable following on Mount Carmel. Could I have protected them, he said. ", Pittsburgh woman missing for 31 years found alive in Puerto Rico, Alex Murdaugh found guilty of murders of wife and son. Waco FBI Transcripts Tapes 010 - 012 View. Its important to remember that Christianity itself was considered a cult by the Romans before they adopted it. On Feb. 28, 1993, federal law enforcement agents came face-to-face with the Branch Davidians, a controversial group whose followers described themselves as "students of the Bible," outside the. Maybe the most vocal group, the most obvious group, were people who saw in Waco the same things they had suspected in earlier Ruby Ridge [Idaho] about six months before, that the United States government was systematically trying to murder, or at least repress, gun-owning, law-abiding citizens who had never done anything to hurt anybody else. This article was first published on Big Think in October 2018. In 1990, he legally changed his name: From that point on, he was David Koresh. Fire consumes the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas, during the FBI assault to.
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